References, Terminology and Glossary

 

IPDR Document Set Version 3.5: http://www.ipdr.org/public/DocumentMap/DocMap3.5.htm

Rigney, et al, Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS), IETF Standards Track, RFC 2865, June 2000.

Rigney, et al., RADIUS Accounting, IETF Informational RFC 2866, June 2000.

Rigney, et al., RADIUS Extensions, IETF Informational RFC 2869, June 2000.

Congdon, et al., IEEE 802.1x Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) Usage Guidelines, IETF Informational RFC 3580, September 2003.

Anton, et al., Best Current Practices for Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP) Roaming, Version 1.0, Wi-Fi Alliance, February 2003.

Data Elements and Interchange Formats – Information Interchange – Representation of Date and Time, ISO 8601:2000 International Organization for Standardization, December 2000.

Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries and their Subdivisions, ISO 3166-x, International Organization for Standardization, September 2003.

Codes for the Representation of Currencies and Funds, ISO 4217, International Organization for Standardization, August 2001.

Inter-operator Handbook, (WLAN Roaming) Version F, WLAN Task Force (GSM Association), September, 2002.

End-to-end WLAN Roaming Test Cases, Version 3.0.0 (PRD IR.62), GSM Association, June 2003.

Draft 3GPP TS 23.234  v1.6.0, 3GPP System to Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Interworking Release 6, 2003-02.

Bradner, S., Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels, IETF Best Current Practice RFC 2119, March 1997.

IPDR Service Specification Design Guidelines, Version 3.5, (Public release version expected in the near future)

IPDR Capabilities Exchange, Version 3.5, (Public release version expected in the near future)

Enhanced Telecom Operations Map™ (eTOM) - Version 3.0, GB921, TeleManagement Forum (TMF - http://www.tmforum.org), June 2002.

XML Schema Part 1: Structures, W3C Recommendation 2 May 2001.  See http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0.

XML Schema Part 2: Data Types, W3C Candidate Recommendation 2 May 2001.  See http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0.

Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1, W3C Note 08 May 2000.  See http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP.

OSF CAE Specification, Document C706, 1997, Appendix A, located at: http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009629399/.

IPDR Organization Home Page: http://www.ipdr.org.

Application Service Provider Service Specification – ASP 2.5-A.0

Voice over IP Service Specification – VoIP 3.5-A.0

Electronic Mail Service Specification – E-mail 3.0-A.0

Authentication and Authorization Service Specification – A&A 2.5-A.0

Internet Access Service Specification – IAC 2.5-A.0

Wholesale Service Specification—WS 3.0-A.0

Streaming Media Service Specification – SM 3.5-A.0

Recommendation I.350: General aspects of quality of service and network performance in digital networks, including ISDNs—3/93,ITU-T

Recommendation E.425: Internal automatic observations—11/98, ITU-T

Recommendation E.431: Service quality assessment for connection set-up and release delays—6/92, ITU-T

Recommendation E.437: Comparative metrics for network performance management—5/99, ITU-T

Recommendation E.458: Figure of merit for facsimile transmission performance—2/96, ITU-T

Recommendation E.459: Measurements and metrics for characterizing facsimile transmission performance using non-intrusive techniques—3/98, ITU-T

Recommendation E.460: Measurements and metrics for monitoring the performance of V.34 Group 3 facsimile—3/00, ITU-T

Recommendation E.600: Terms and definitions of traffic engineering—3/93, ITU-T

Recommendation E.721: Network grade of service parameters and target values for circuit-switched services in the evolving ISDN—5/99, ITU-T

Recommendation P.561: In-service non-intrusive measurement device - Voice service measurements—2/96, ITU-T

Recommendation P.562: Analysis and interpretation of INMD voice-services measurements—5/00, ITU-T

Recommendation P.800: Methods for subjective determination of transmission quality—8/96, ITU-T

Recommendation P.831: Subjective performance evaluation of network echo cancellers—1/98, ITU-T

Recommendation P.862: Perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ), an objective method for end-to-end speech quality assessment of narrowband telephone networks and speech codecs-2/01, ITU-T

Recommendation G.107: The E-Model, a computational model for use in transmission planning-5/00, ITU-T

Recommendation G.1010: End-user multimedia QoS categories—11/01, ITU-T

Recommendation J.143: User requirements for objective perceptual video quality measurements in digital cable television—5/00, ITU-T

Recommendation J.144: Objective perceptual video quality measurement techniques for digital cable television in the presence of a full reference—3/01, ITU-T

TS-101-329-5 v1.1.2: Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks (TIPHON) Release 3; End-to-end Quality of Service in TIPHON systems; Part 5: Quality of Service (QoS) measurement methodologies—2002-1, ETSI

TS-101-329-2 v2.1.3: Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks (TIPHON) Release 3; End-to-end Quality of Service in TIPHON systems; Part 2: Definition of speech Quality of Service (QoS) classes—2002-1, ETSI

Recommendation Y.1540: ITU-T, Internet protocol data communication service - IP packet transfer and availability performance parameters 

Recommendation Y.1541: ITU-T, Network Performance Objectives for IP-Based Services

Best Current Practices for Wireless Internet Service Provider Roaming (WISPr) Version 1.0: WiFi Alliance, February 2003.

Supplier/Partner Settlement Specification: IPDR.org,

ETSI TS 101 321 V2.1.1 (2000-08), Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks (TIPHON); Open Settlement Protocol (OSP) for Inter-Domain pricing, authorization, and usage exchange.

PRD TD.57, Transferred Account Procedure Data Record Format Specification Version Number 3, Version 3.10.01, Release Date 5th December, 2002, GSM Association

Bray, T., J. Paoli, and C. Sperberg-McQueen, "Extensible "Namespaces in XML", W3C Recommendation, January 1999.

IPDR Service Specification Design Guidelines.

T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, U.C. Irvine, L. Masinter, "Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax". RFC 2396,  August 1998.

N. Brownlee, A. Blount,  "Accounting Attributes and Record Formats",  RFC 2924, September 2000

OSF specification for Distributed Computing Environment (DCE).    OSF CAE Specification, Document C706, 1997

P. Leach, R. Salz, UUIDs and GUIDs, IETF draft, 1998.  Expired,   but available at:  http://www.webdav.org/specs/draft-leach-uuids-guids-01.txt

R. Srinivasan,  "XDR: External Data Representation Standard",  RFC 1832, August 1995

Bray, T., J. Paoli, and C. Sperberg-McQueen, "Extensible  Markup Language (XML) 1.0", W3C Recommendation, 2nd edition 6 October 2000

N. Brownlee, A. Blount,  "Accounting Attributes and Record Formats",  RFC 2924, September 2000

K. McCloghrie, J. Heinanen, W. Greene,A. Prasad, "Accounting  Information for ATM Networks",  RFC 2512, February 1999

F. Yergeau, "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646",   RFC 2279, January 1998.

OSF specification for Distributed Computing Environment (DCE).   OSF CAE Specification, Document C706, 1997

RFC 3423 (CRANE protocol specification).

IPDR.org Protocol Encoding:XDR 3.5 IPDR Organization, Inc.

IPDR.org Specifications:Service Specification Design Guide 3.5, IPDR Organization, Inc.

The Fundamental Nature of Standards: Technical Perspective by Ken Krechmer (available at http://www.csrstds.com/fundtec.html). Published in IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 38, No. 6, p. 70, June, 2000.

Rigney, C., Willens, S., Rubens, A. and W. Simpson, "Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC 2865, June 2000.

Calhoun, P., "DIAMETER Base Protocol", Work in Progress.

Calhoun, P., et. al., "DIAMETER Framework Document", Work in Progress.

Stewart, R., Xie, Q., Morneault, K., Sharp, C., Schwarzbauer, H., Taylor, T., Rytina, I., Kalla, M., Zhang, L. and V. Paxson, "Simple Control Transmission Protocol", RFC 2960, October 2000.

Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

Kent, S. and R. Atkinson,  "Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol", RFC 2401, November 1998.

Dierks,  T. and C. Allen, "The TLS Protocol, Version 1.0", RFC 2246, January 1999.

R. Srinivasan, "XDR: External Data Representation Standard", RFC 1832, August 1995

M. Rose, “The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core”, RFC 3080, March 2001

XML-Schema Part 2: Datatypes, W3C, May 2001, http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/


A.2 Terminology and Acronyms

A.3.1 Terminology

 

Term

Definition

Access Provider

In the context of Roaming, the Access Provider facilitates service delivery to the Service Consumer where the Home Service Provider is unable to provide PWLAN access.

Accounting

The process of collecting and analyzing service and resource usage metrics for the purposes of capacity and trend analysis, cost allocation, auditing, and billing, etc. Accounting management requires that resource consumption be measured, rated, assigned, and communicated between appropriate business entities.

Aggregator

A type of PWLAN Service Provider that maintains business relationship with the Service Consumer for providing PWLAN Services.

Audit
(or Reconciliation) Record

In order for two service providers to measure of level of trust and SLAs, there is a need of automation of exchange of revenue impacting data between them. This data/information is known as audit/reconciliation records.

Bilateral Relationship

A business relationship between two Service Provider wherein they agree to serve each other’s Service Consumers

Billable Account Identifier

The identifier used for Settlement between Service Providers

Billed Entity

One of the following:

 

  • Service consumer’s Username
  • Terminal Equipment Identifier
  • Account Number

Billing Class of Service

An indication of which of a choice of billable services is being consumed

Business Relationship Record

Two service providers may enter into a business agreement to offer service to the consumer via identifying key attributes by which they can measure the level of service compliance and automation for exchange of changes needed (due to changing business conditions).

Business Support System

A network element that enables automated support for Accounting and Billing related business processes of a Service Provider. (Examples of business processes are fraud Detection & handling, data warehousing, rating, billing, customer care and web self-care). Two Business Support Systems may also interwork to provide Bilateral Settlement.

Charging Model

A network feature that supports specific type(s) of service agreements between the Service Provider and the Billed Entity

Clearinghouse

In view of the network reference model, the Clearinghouse is a functional entity that performs Multilateral Settlement.

Content Provider

A Service Provider partner or third-party vendor that offers digital content via the Access Provider

Intermediary

A broker or aggregator of Settlement services among Service Providers

Mediation

In view of network reference model, Mediation refers to the combination of the logical entities IPDR recorder, IPDR transmitter, and IPDR store.

Multilateral Relationship

A business relationship between Service Providers wherein they agree to perform Settlement via an Intermediary

Net Position

The result of the Settlement process wherein two or more Service Providers compare their roaming balances and generate net debtor/creditor positions for each.

Network Access Identifier (NAI)

The mobile user’s Username and service provider identifier such as defined in RFC2486 (e.g., username@serviceprovider.com)

Operations Support System

Software and hardware employed in the management and surveillance of Service Provider Resources

Partner

A Service Provider that maintains a commercial relationship with another Service Provider to allow collaborative delivery of Services to Service Consumers.

Payment Method

One of the following: Pre-Paid, Subscription

Prepaid Service

Services provisioned as user accounts with a finite available balance

PWLAN Access

PWLAN Access may be defined as the time duration between successful authentication and logoff initiated by the user or the PWLAN network. The account is provided by the Service Provider.

PWLAN Partner

A third-party vendor in the PWLAN value chain that has a business agreement with the Service Provider. Examples include Venue Owner, Content Provider, or an infrastructure provider for delivering PWLAN services.

Rating

The process of assigning a monetary value to resource usage

Resource

A quantifiable asset employed by a Service Provider, or on behalf of a Service Provider by another Service Provider, to fulfill a request of a Service Consumer. (Examples include: files, communications, goods, etc).

Revenue Assurance

The process of using an independent source of audit data to verify accuracy and completeness of Settlements 

Roaming

Service usage initiated by a service consumer and provided by a Service Provider other than the one with which the service consumer have business relationship.

Roaming Agreement

Contract between Service Providers defining how their respective Service Consumers may use the Resources of a Visited Service Provider and how the Visited Service Provider will be compensated for the usage

Roaming Plan

A service agreement that defines the terms under which the Service Consumer uses public WLAN access and/or services from multiple devices, locations, and Access Providers  networks

Serve Provider

The Visited Service Provider

Service

Network and/or application operation that provides the Service Consumer with the requested resource.

Service Consumer

The beneficiary (human or system) of a service.

Service Element

Any element that is responsible for fulfilling a Service Consumer request. (Examples include: network equipment and system processes)

Service Provider

An enterprise that provides communications-based Services.

Session

A set of related service usages; service usages may or may not be time based in the unit of measurement.

Settlement

Periodic correlation of  usage provided by more than one Service Providers for the purpose of determining the net debtor and creditor positions (in terms of accounting units) between the Service Providers. Settlement done between two Service Providers is Bilateral Settlement. Settlement done between more than two Service Providers is Multilateral Settlement.

Settlement Exchange

Net Position rated in currency units.

Settlement Model

One of : Bilateral or Multilateral

Subscription

Services implemented via contract between a payor and payee

Summary Exchange

Exchange of Summary of accounting information

Supplier

A Service Provider that delivers Service Consumer requested services from a Partner or to a Partner.

Terminal Equipment

The device used by the Service Consumer for access to PWLAN services.

Termination Cause

How the Session was terminated.

Universal Access Method

The ability to access WISP services with only an Internet browser and Wi-Fi network interface on the Service Consumers device

Usage

Consumption of resources and services by a Service Consumer.

Usage Attribute

A parameter whose value indicates some aspect of usage of a given service and/or resource.

Usage Entry[1]

A Service-specific trigger resulting in the generation by a Service Element of a set of Usage Attribute values related to Usage specific to a given Service Consumer

Usage Event

A discrete Service Consumer, Terminal Equipment, or Service Element activity impacting Resource Usage

Use Case

A use case is a coherent unit of functionality provided by a system,  a subsystem, or a class as manifested by sequences of messages exchanged among the system and one or more outside interactors (called actors) together with actions performed by the system. (Note: the definition, as defined in UML standards, is followed in this specification).


A.3.2 Acronyms:

 

3GPP     - Third Generation Partnership Project

AAA       - Authentication, Authorization, Accounting

ANI        - Automatic Number Identification

ASP        - Application Service Provider

BID        - Billing Identifier

BRI        - Business Relationship Identifier

BSS        - Business Support Systems

CCI        - Call Clarity Index

CDMA   - Code Division Multiple Access

CLEC     - Competitive Local Exchange Carrier

CRM      - Customer Relationship Management

DOCSIS - Data over Cable System Interface Standard (Registered Trademark of CableLabs®)

DSL       - Digital Subscriber Line

DSS        - Decision Support Systems

DTD       - Document Type Definition

EP          - End Point

ESN       - Electronic Serial Number

ETSI       - European Telecommunications Standardization Institute

FoIP       - Fax over IP

GK         - Gate Keeper

GMT      - Greenwich Mean Time

GPRS     - General Packet Radio Service

GSM      - Global System for Mobile Communications

GSMA   - GSM Association

IETF       - Internet Engineering Task Force

IMSI       - International Mobile Subscriber Identity

IP           - Internet Protocol

IPDRDoc-IPDR Document

IS            - IPDR Store

ISDN      - Integrated Services Digital Network

ISO         - International Standardization Organization

ISP         - Internet Service Provider

IT            - IPDR Transmitter

ITU-T     - International Telecommunications Union – Telecommunications Standardization Section

LAN       - Local Area Network

LEC       - Local Exchange Carrier

MAC      - Media Access Controller

MOS      - Mean Opinion Score

MSO      - Multi-(cable)System Operator

NAI        - Network Access Identifier

NAS       - Network Access Server

NDM     - Network Data Management

NDM-U - Network Data Management - Usage

NSE       - Network Service Element

OSS        - Operations Support System

PAC       - Protected Access Controller

PLMN   - Public Land Mobile Network

POP       - Point of Presence

PSTN     - Public Switched Telephone Network

QoS        - Quality of Service

RADIUS – Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service

RAS       - Remote Access Server

SC          - Service Consumer

SCN       - Switched Communications Network

SE          - Service Element

SID         - System Identifier

SIM        - Subscriber Identity Module

SLA        - Service Level Agreement

SMS       - Short Message Service

SP          - Service Provider

TIPHON- Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization over Networks

TMF       - TeleManagement Forum

TOM      - Telecommunications Operations Map

UA         - Usage Aggregators

UAM      - Universal Access Method

UC         - Usage Collectors

VoIP      - Voice over IP

VPN       - Virtual Private Network

WAP      - Wireless Application Protocol

Wi-Fi®  - Wireless Fidelity (Registered Trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance)

WISP     - Wireless Internet Service Provider

WLAN   - Wireless LAN

xDSL     - Digital Subscriber Line of type x

XML      - eXtensible Markup Language



[1] Because of legacy issues, a Usage Entry from a given Service Element will not initially conform to an IPDR specification or, in some cases, may never conform.  To be considered a Usage Entry the information presented or made available by inference from the Service Element must minimally contain attributes from some of the general attribute categories.